Scientists Build Living Robots With Nervous Systems

Researchers at Tufts University have developed a groundbreaking type of biological machine known as a "neurobot," which combines living cells with neural networks to create self-directed systems. This innovative advancement was reported in the journal Advanced Science last month. The neurobots, which are constructed from frog cells, are capable of swimming and responding to their environment through integrated neurons that allow for electrochemical signaling.

The development of neurobots marks a significant evolution from earlier biological machines, known as xenobots, which were limited to mechanical movements. These new creations exhibit more complex behaviors, such as exploring their surroundings and adapting to stimuli, thanks to their ability to process information internally. The research aims to deepen understanding of how neural networks can lead to sophisticated behaviors, potentially paving the way for applications in tissue repair and environmental monitoring.

The team, led by biologist Michael Levin, plans to extend this technology by incorporating human neural cells into their designs, creating "anthrobots." These living machines could be trained to perform specific tasks, such as detecting environmental pollutants. The commercial startup Fauna Systems, co-founded by Levin, is focusing on deploying xenobots for environmental sensing, aiming to provide real-time indicators of ecosystem health.

Despite the promising potential of neurobots, researchers acknowledge significant technical challenges ahead. However, the initial focus remains on simpler xenobots, which are already demonstrating valuable capabilities in monitoring environmental conditions.