Industry Briefing
A single destination for timely, editor-curated robotics news from around the world.
IEEE Honors Robotics Pioneer Toshio Fukuda
Toshio Fukuda has been blazing trails for most of his career. He is considered to be one of the most prolific scholars in robotics, writing more than 2,000 research papers and authoring several books on the field. He’s an influential figure thanks to his pioneering work developing biomedical robotic systems, industrial robots, micro-nano robotics, mechatronics, and AI-driven automation.Fukuda launched one of the first robotics conferences, the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). It is still popular almost 40 years later.Toshio FukudaEmployerEgypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, in Alexandria TitleProfessor and vice president of research Member gradeLife Fellow Alma matersWaseda University, in Tokyo; University of Tokyo An IEEE Life Fellow, he is a professor emeritus in the department of micro-nano systems engineering and a visiting professor at Nagoya University, in Japan, where he taught for nearly 25 years. Currently, he is a vice president of research at the Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, in Alexandria, Egypt.Within IEEE, Fukuda has held top volunteer positions including the organization’s highest office: He served as IEEE president in 2020, becoming the first person of Asian descent to hold the role.He’s a former program director of Japan’s Moonshot program, which by 2050 intends to develop advanced AI robots.Born in Japan, Fukuda has been recognized by the country for his contributions to science with two of its highest awards: the Medal of Honor with a purple ribbon in 2015 and the Order of the Sacred Treasure in 2022.IEEE honored him with this year’s Richard M. Emberson Award for “distinguished service advancing the technical objectives of IEEE, especially in the area of robotics.” The IEEE Board-level award is sponsored by the IEEE Technical Activities Board. Fukuda received the award on 24 April at a ceremony in New York City.As a former IEEE president who has served as a master of ceremonies at several of the organization’s major award events, Fukuda noted that he is more accustomed to bestowing awards than receiving them.“It’s very interesting to be on the receiving end,” he says.The journey into robotics researchAs a teenager, Fukuda spent his summer breaks teaching himself how to build things including transistor radios and steam engines.“It was very nice to have a hands-on hobby and make these kinds of things myself,” he says. His experimentation led him to study engineering.He earned a bachelor’s degree in engineering in 1971 from Waseda University, in Tokyo. He says one of his professors there—Ichiro Kato, regarded as the father of Japanese robotics research—was a good mentor who made a positive impact.Fukuda’s research interests were robotics and mechatronics, a field that combines robotics, electronics, computer science, and control systems.He went on to earn a master’s degree and a doctorate in science from the University of Tokyo, in 1971 and 1977. During those years, he also attended Yale, where he conducted research on advanced control theory in 1973.He reflects fondly on his time at Yale: “It was a very nice environment and a kind of free-thinking atmosphere. It motivated me to study more.”“IEEE doesn’t care who you are, what you do, what country you are from, or whether you are male or female. IEEE accepts people who have energy and passion.”While at Yale, Fukuda served as an assistant to his advisor—which led him to consider a career in academia, he says, because he enjoyed the freedom that research work afforded him.But he realized that such freedom comes with a price. University researchers are expected to raise the money that funds their work. He compares researchers to small-business owners who have to bring in money to keep their enterprise afloat.That realization led him to select robotics as his field because he intended to develop technologies useful to industry, he says.After earning his doctorate, he returned to Japan in 1977 to work as a research scientist at the government’s Mechanical Engineering Laboratory, later renamed the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, in Tsukuba.“There was a lot of research going on at the lab, including practical robotics and theory,” he says.He left Japan in 1979 to become a visiting research fellow at the University of Stuttgart, in Germany. During his year there, he studied systems, software problems, and related topics.He returned to Japan and was hired as an associate professor of mechanical engineering at the Tokyo University of Science. He conducted research into practical uses for robots by visiting industrial plants. He decided to develop robots that inspect industrial equipment such as those used in assembly plants, oil refineries, and power stations—places that “can be hostile environments for humans,” he says.His work drew interest from chemical, oil, and utility companies.“I got a lot of money from them for this very practical application, which funded my research,” he says, laughing.Developing popular robotic systemsFukuda grew tired of making those robots, he says, so he switched to creating ones for scientific applications. He developed many techniques, but he probably is best known for his modular, cellular robotic systems (CEBOTs), which he introduced in 1985.He has described how CEBOTs work in numerous papers published in the IEEE Xplore Digital Library.The CEBOT system is composed of a number of autonomous robotic cells that stick together like interlocking Lego plastic bricks, he says.Each cell is a fundamental modular unit that has a function. When a simple task is given, the system can analyze it and generate the structure of the cellular manipulator. The cells connect to and detach from each other through connection mechanisms and cooperate mutually, creating complex structures and configurations.“You start developing from the component-wise to the cell-wise to a small functional unit—and then you come up with clusters that make bigger systems. We can make a society of robot beings like that,” he explained in his oral history published on the Engineering and Technology History Wiki. “It’s a distributed robotic system, a self-organized robotic system, and also an evolutionary robotic system.“It’s also a fault-tolerant robot system because if something is wrong, you just remove those things and make a new one. You keep the system working. That’s a great thing.”Today CEBOTs are used for a variety of tasks such as delivering medication in hospitals, assisting with planting crops, and transporting products in distribution centers. Check out IEEE Spectrum’s Robots Guide for news from the world of robotics.In 1989 Fukuda joined Nagoya University as a professor of mechanical engineering and micro-nano systems engineering. During his 24-year career there, he was director of the university’s Center for Micro-Nano Mechatronics. He developed a long list of technologies at the university, including many for medical applications. He also conducted groundbreaking research into intelligent robotic systems and micro- and nano-robotics.Another technology he is known for is brachiation robots, which he helped develop in 1988. He calls them monkey robots because they’re based on the pendulum-like movement of monkeys swinging from tree to tree. The gravity-based locomotion enables continuous movement.Brachiation robots now are inspecting high-voltage transmission towers and bridges, searching damaged buildings for survivors, and performing maintenance on pipelines and cables.Fukuda retired from the university in 2013 and was named professor emeritus.He didn’t stay retired for long, though. He next held a teaching appointment at Meijo University, in Nagoya, until he left in 2022 to join the Egypt-Japan University.A prominent volunteerHe joined IEEE in 1980 at the encouragement of one of his research advisors, Professor Fumio Harashima, now an IEEE Life Fellow. After attending conferences and reading the organization’s publications, Fukuda says, he looked forward to becoming more involved.“I wanted to know how to organize a conference and how to edit a paper for one of its Transactions,” he says. “I wanted to know what was going on from inside the organization, not just the outside.”In 1988 he was the founding chair and organizer of IROS, in Tokyo. The conference had 330 attendees that year, and was supported by Harashima. Today it is one of the largest and most prestigious conferences on the topic, attracting more than 9,000 people annually. Out of 120,000 conferences, it was the only conference in the Nature Index database for this year, Fukuda says.In 1996 he and other members launched IEEE Transactions on Mechatronics.He was the founding president of the IEEE Nanotechnology Council, which was established in 2002. He is considered a pioneer in nanotechnology research, particularly regarding how it relates to robotics.Over the years, he has held numerous volunteer positions on IEEE editorial boards and committees.He was the 1998–1999 president of the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society, becoming the first non-U.S. member to hold the title.He was director of IEEE Division X (2001–2002 and 2017–2018), which covers intelligent systems, biological engineering, robotics, control systems, and photonic technologies. He served as the 2013–2014 director of IEEE Region 10 (Asia-Pacific).As the 2020 IEEE president, Fukuda saw the organization through the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic. Because of travel restrictions, he realized IEEE should change how it offered its in-person services, specifically educational programs. He encouraged IEEE Educational Activities to develop an online learning platform. The IEEE Learning Network started with just three courses and now offers nearly 2,000 courses, webinars, and learning materials.An award-winning memberThe Emberson Award joins a slew of other recognitions Fukuda has received from IEEE. They include several from the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society: a 2004 Pioneer Award, a 2009 Saridis Leadership Award, and the 2011 Harashima Award for Innovative Technologies. He is also a recipient of the Board-level 2010 IEEE Robotics and Automation Technical Field Award.He says he feels strongly that IEEE should be a diverse organization that is welcoming to all. As IEEE president, he led efforts to devise a diversity, equity, and inclusion program. Several policies, procedures, and bylaws were revised to give members a safe, inclusive place for discourse.“It’s important for IEEE to make everyone feel comfortable,” he says. “DEI programs are important. All people should be equal. IEEE doesn’t care who you are, what you do, what country you are from, or whether you are male or female. IEEE accepts people who have energy and passion.“It accepted me, from the Far East. That’s why I like it.”You can learn more about Fukuda and his career from the oral history conducted by the IEEE History Center.
Robotics Robots Ieee-member-news Type-ti Ieee-awards Toshio-fukuda
Brighter MRI signals
Researchers at MIT have developed advanced MRI sensors capable of sensitively detecting target molecules within the brain and body. This breakthrough, announced in October 2023, aims to enhance medical imaging techniques, potentially leading to earlier diagnosis and better monitoring of various health conditions. The innovative sensors utilize cutting-edge technology to improve the accuracy and efficiency of molecular detection, which is crucial for understanding complex biological processes and developing targeted therapies. By refining the imaging process, the team hopes to provide healthcare professionals with more precise tools for patient care, ultimately improving treatment outcomes.
Research Imaging Biological engineering Brain and cognitive sciences Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Sensors
Engineering Collisions: How NYU Is Remaking Health Research
New York University (NYU) is revolutionizing academic research through its newly established Institute for Engineering Health, which focuses on addressing disease states rather than adhering to traditional academic disciplines. This innovative approach encourages collaboration among experts in various fields, including immunology, engineering, and artificial intelligence, to tackle specific health challenges, such as allergic asthma. Under the leadership of Jeffrey Hubbell, NYU's vice president for bioengineering strategy, the institute has already seen promising outcomes, such as the development of a startup that creates devices for detecting airborne pathogens and navigation technology for visually impaired subway riders. Hubbell advocates for a shift from a conventional drug-inhibition model to one that promotes beneficial biological pathways, necessitating a new breed of researchers who possess interdisciplinary skills. To foster this environment, NYU is constructing a science and technology hub in Manhattan, designed to facilitate collaboration among diverse disciplines. This initiative aligns with the university's strategy of organizing around "grand challenges" rather than traditional academic silos, as emphasized by Juan de Pablo, the executive dean of the Tandon School of Engineering. The institute also emphasizes a proactive approach to translating research into practical applications, conducting "translational exercises" to map potential pathways from discovery to deployment. This comprehensive strategy aims to accelerate innovation in science and technology, positioning NYU as a leader in addressing complex health issues through collaborative, cross-disciplinary research.
Type-sponsored Nyu-tandon Health Clinical-trials Data-science Nyu
Light-activated gel could impact wearables, soft robotics, and more
Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have made significant strides in the field of ionotronics, a burgeoning area of study focused on the transfer of data through ions. This innovative approach aims to create a seamless interface between electronic devices and biological tissues, potentially revolutionizing how data is communicated within and between living organisms. The advancements were reported recently, highlighting the ongoing efforts to enhance the integration of technology with biological systems. By harnessing the unique properties of ions, the team at MIT is exploring new pathways for data transmission that could lead to breakthroughs in medical devices and bioengineering. This work underscores the importance of interdisciplinary research in bridging the gap between traditional electronics and the complexities of biological functions.
Research Robotics Light Materials science and engineering Wearables Materials Research Laboratory
Jumping spider’s layered retina drives design of low-power 3D camera for AR and robotics
A team of engineers has conducted an in-depth study of the vision capabilities of jumping spiders, leveraging this unique biological model to inspire innovative technological advancements. This research, which took place over several months, aims to enhance the design of visual systems in robotics and artificial intelligence. By examining the spiders' exceptional ability to perceive depth and motion, the engineers have developed new algorithms that could significantly improve the performance of machines in complex environments. The findings were presented at a recent conference focused on biomimicry and robotics, highlighting the potential for nature-inspired solutions to address modern technological challenges. This interdisciplinary approach not only showcases the intricate relationship between biology and engineering but also opens new avenues for creating smarter, more adaptive robotic systems.
Light-activated gel could impact wearables, soft robotics, and more
Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have made significant strides in the field of ionotronics, a burgeoning area of study focused on the transfer of data via ions. This innovative approach aims to create a connection between traditional electronics and biological tissues, potentially revolutionizing the way information is processed and transmitted in various applications. The advancements were announced in October 2023, highlighting the ongoing efforts to enhance the integration of electronic systems with biological environments. By harnessing the unique properties of ions, the team at MIT is exploring new methods to facilitate communication between electronic devices and living organisms, paving the way for future developments in medical technology and bioengineering.
Closing the gap between animal movement and robotic control
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University's Department of Mechanical Engineering are pioneering an AI-driven approach to enhance the understanding of how animal brains and bodies coordinate their movements. This innovative project aims to transform complex biological systems into testable models, allowing the team to analyze and refine these systems. The ultimate goal is to replicate the precision and adaptability seen in animal movement within robotic systems, addressing the challenges that robots currently face in matching these capabilities. This research is part of a broader effort to bridge the gap between biological performance and robotic functionality, potentially leading to advancements in robotics and artificial intelligence.
Robotics
New smart artificial muscle could bring human-like feedback to humanoid robot
A team of researchers has successfully developed an advanced artificial muscle that closely replicates the functionality of biological muscle-tendon systems. This innovative technology was created to enhance the performance and versatility of robotic systems, potentially revolutionizing fields such as prosthetics and robotics. The breakthrough was achieved through a combination of materials science and engineering techniques, allowing the artificial muscle to exhibit remarkable strength and flexibility. The research was conducted at a prominent university and has garnered attention for its potential applications in creating more lifelike and responsive robotic limbs. By mimicking the natural movement and adaptability of human muscles, this development aims to improve the quality of life for individuals relying on prosthetic devices and to advance the capabilities of robotic systems in various industries.
Robot Swarm Models Reveal Principles of Cell Organization
MorphoSystem, a pioneering research organization, has developed programmable robot swarms to simulate cell adhesion, a critical process in biological self-organization. This innovative technology provides a controlled environment that allows scientists to study the mechanisms underlying how cells adhere to one another and organize themselves. By utilizing these robotic swarms, researchers aim to gain deeper insights into cellular behaviors that are fundamental to various biological processes. The initiative underscores the intersection of robotics and biology, showcasing how advanced technology can enhance our understanding of complex life systems. This groundbreaking work is expected to contribute significantly to fields such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, potentially leading to new therapeutic approaches.
A new type of electrically driven artificial muscle fiber
Researchers have developed electrofluidic fibers that replicate the natural bundling of muscle fibers, a breakthrough that could revolutionize the design of compact and silent robotic systems as well as prosthetics. This innovative technology was unveiled in a recent study aimed at enhancing the functionality and efficiency of robotic and prosthetic devices. By mimicking the structure and behavior of biological muscles, these fibers offer the potential for more responsive and adaptable machines. The advancement is particularly significant as it addresses the growing demand for quieter and more efficient robotic solutions in various applications, from medical devices to industrial automation. The research team employed advanced materials and engineering techniques to create these fibers, which could lead to a new generation of devices that are not only more effective but also more closely aligned with human movement. This development marks a promising step forward in the integration of robotics into everyday life, providing users with improved mobility and interaction capabilities.
Research Invention Robotics Bioinspiration Fluid dynamics Media Lab
Robot Talk Episode 147 – Miniature living robots, with Maria Guix
In a recent discussion, Claire spoke with Maria Guix, a chemist and nanotechnology researcher at the University of Barcelona, about the innovative field of biohybrid robots. This conversation highlighted Guix's work in the ChemInFlow lab, where she focuses on merging electronics with biological components to develop miniaturized living robots. These biohybrid robots possess emergent properties that could enhance their functionality and adaptability. Guix is also integrating flexible sensors into microfluidic platforms, a process aimed at advancing the understanding of these robotic systems. The research is significant as it explores the intersection of biology and technology, potentially leading to breakthroughs in robotics and bioengineering.
Artificial tendons give muscle-powered robots a boost
Engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have unveiled an innovative design that has the potential to enhance various biohybrid systems. This groundbreaking development, announced recently, aims to improve the functionality and efficiency of biohybrids, which combine biological and synthetic components for applications in fields such as robotics and medicine. The motivation behind this research stems from the growing need for advanced technologies that can mimic natural processes and improve interaction with living organisms. By integrating new materials and engineering techniques, the team at MIT has created a design that could significantly advance the capabilities of biohybrid builds, paving the way for more sophisticated applications in the future.
A flexible lens controlled by light-activated artificial muscles promises to let soft machines see
Researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology have developed an innovative artificial eye designed to enhance the vision capabilities of soft robots. This adaptive lens, inspired by the human eye, is made from a soft, light-responsive material that allows for improved visual perception. The project, led by biomedical engineering experts Corey Zheng and Shu Jia, aims to bridge the gap between robotics and biological systems, enabling robots to interact more effectively with their environments. The development of this technology could significantly advance the field of robotics, particularly in applications requiring nuanced visual processing.
Scientists Build Living Robots With Nervous Systems
Researchers at Tufts University have developed a groundbreaking type of biological machine known as a "neurobot," which combines living cells with neural networks to create self-directed systems. This innovative advancement was reported in the journal Advanced Science last month. The neurobots, which are constructed from frog cells, are capable of swimming and responding to their environment through integrated neurons that allow for electrochemical signaling. The development of neurobots marks a significant evolution from earlier biological machines, known as xenobots, which were limited to mechanical movements. These new creations exhibit more complex behaviors, such as exploring their surroundings and adapting to stimuli, thanks to their ability to process information internally. The research aims to deepen understanding of how neural networks can lead to sophisticated behaviors, potentially paving the way for applications in tissue repair and environmental monitoring. The team, led by biologist Michael Levin, plans to extend this technology by incorporating human neural cells into their designs, creating "anthrobots." These living machines could be trained to perform specific tasks, such as detecting environmental pollutants. The commercial startup Fauna Systems, co-founded by Levin, is focusing on deploying xenobots for environmental sensing, aiming to provide real-time indicators of ecosystem health. Despite the promising potential of neurobots, researchers acknowledge significant technical challenges ahead. However, the initial focus remains on simpler xenobots, which are already demonstrating valuable capabilities in monitoring environmental conditions.
Bioengineering Frog Living-cells Biomimetics Bioinspired-robotsRobotics needs a service framework.
RSF defines a common language for robot service capability, lifecycle operations, certification pathways, and service-provider networks.
