Organovo Holdings

Organovo Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: ONVO) is a biotechnology company headquartered in San Diego, California, founded in 2007. The company was established to commercialize 3D bioprinting technology originally developed at the University of Missouri in the laboratory of scientific co-founder Gabor Forgacs. Organovo was among the first companies worldwide to produce commercially available 3D-printed human tissue models.

The company's core technology platform centers on the NovoGen MMX Bioprinter, invented in 2009. This compact bioprinter features two nozzles capable of extruding cells, hydrogels, scaffolds, and supporting matrix materials in layer-by-layer assembly to construct three-dimensional living tissues. The system uses proprietary cell-based bio-inks composed of human-derived cells.

Organovo's commercial tissue products include ExVive human liver and kidney tissue models, which pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies use as physiologically relevant in vitro models for drug safety testing, toxicology screening, and disease modeling. In 2015, Organovo signed an agreement with L'Oreal to supply 3D-printed human skin tissue models for cosmetic product safety and efficacy testing.

The company no longer sells bioprinters directly; its current business model focuses on providing technical services, in vitro testing, disease models, and safety testing to pharmaceutical partners. Annual revenue for fiscal year 2024 (ending March 31, 2024) was approximately $109,000, reflecting a services-based rather than product-sales model.

In April 2025, Organovo announced a rebranding: the company's 3D bioprinting and legacy technology operations would continue under the new name VivoSim Labs, Inc., with stock trading under the ticker symbol VIVS as of April 24, 2025. The company also holds an FXR agonist program asset expected to yield milestone payments of up to $50M.